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Found coin PAS 832758 i · CC BY 2.0 · Photo Adam Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council The coin shown is one of four ABC 1881 units in a Riseholme hoard photo: the bottom-left coin in each block. Its two faces were matched by the shape of the flan.
Vepo Silver Unit ‘Vepo Star’
Date AD 20–50
Struck in Lincolnshire
Cataloguei ABC 1881
Details Design Examples References Ruler Value (members)
Details Metal Silver, about 80% silver (estimated) Silver. No analysis of this type was found; the coins are recorded as silver.2 ,1 (estimate; no analysis found) Weight About 1.25 g (type average) About 1.25 g (type average): the 22 ABC 1881 units in the Riseholme hoard weigh 1.11–1.33 g (mean 1.25 g); which weight belongs to the pictured coins is not recorded. The Derbyshire Dales coins weigh 1.29–1.35 g and the IACB coins 1.01–1.56 g.2 ,4 ,1 (mean calculated here from the hoard catalogue) Dimensions ≈ about 15.0 mm Ø diameter About 15.0 mm (this coin, measured on the photo's cm scale); the type measures 14.8–15.4 mm (Derbyshire Dales hoard; British Museum 15 mm). No thickness is recorded for this coin or a whole coin of its type (a fragment's is not used).2 ,4 ,1 (this coin's diameter derived: measured by us on the photo's cm scale (no diameter is recorded for the hoard coins)) Date AD 20–50 AD 20–50 (IACB). PAS records give AD 10–40 or AD 15–40; the Riseholme hoard was probably buried soon after the Roman conquest.1 ,3 ,5 ,2 Where struck Lincolnshire Not known exactly; the coins belong to the Corieltavi of today's Lincolnshire and the East Midlands. Finds: Lincolnshire (Riseholme hoard), Derbyshire, East Yorkshire, North East Lincolnshire, and CCI cards from Lincolnshire and Norfolk.2 ,4 ,3 ,5 ,6 Mint Not known Not known: no mint is named. A Corieltavian mint site is known at Sleaford in Lincolnshire, but these coins are not tied to it.7 (searched IACB, PAS, Evans 1864) Dies known Not known Not known: no die study of this type was found. (searched IACB, PAS records, Evans 1864) Estimated output Not known Not known: without a die count no output can be estimated. (no die count published that we could find) Known examples At least 40; 9 on IACB 9 on IACB, plus 22 (and 7 probable) in the Riseholme hoard and 4 in the Derbyshire Dales hoard, so at least 40 are recorded (35 certain); ABC calls the type very common.1 ,2 ,4 ,5 Close types Wreath obverse, star under the tail ABC 1881 is the Vepo unit with a full wreath obverse and a star under the horse's tail. Our coin 128 (ABC 1866) has a plain obverse and VEP only; coin 101 is a VEP CORF gold stater .1 Where to see one British Museum (by appointment) British Museum , London. In store, can be seen by appointment; 1 example (BMC 3305). Hobbs's 1996 catalogue of the Museum's Iron Age coins lists this type as no. 3305. Not known to be on display; the Money and Medals Study Room shows any coin in the collection by appointment. search the British Museum collection 14 ,15 Other museum examples may be listed by IACB: see IACB Checked 2026-11-04. Displays change: check with the museum before a visit.
Design Obverse front 1 Wreath of leaves Established Rows of leaf-shaped billets crossing the face: the wreath , with extra leaves on each side of the centre forming a ring1
Context from the period The wreath is the laurel wreath of Apollo's head on Philip II's gold stater 9 2 Pellet in the centre Established A pellet at the centre of the wreath, inside the ring of leaves1
3 Small crosses in the quarters Established Small crosses in the four spaces1
One reading Van Arsdell notes that the crosses in the wreath link the VEP CORF and IISVPRASV coinages10 Reverse back 4 Horse right Established A stylised horse walking right, its body a smooth mass with doubled upper forelegs1
Context from the period The horse goes back to the chariot horse of Philip II's stater9 5 Legend VE(P) CO(RF) Established Letters with pellet-ended strokes stand above the horse, and an O with a C-shaped curve below it: VEP above and CO[RF] below, with V and E joined1
One reading VEP is read as the start of the name Vepo; CORF, always paired with it, is not explained1 One reading Evans found the legends of this district 'inexplicable'8 6 Star below the tail Established A small star under the horse's tail1
One reading The star below the tail is shared with the IISVPRASV coinage, one of the links Van Arsdell draws between the two issuers10 Die-by-die notes on each feature Members
Examples 14 catalogued
11 shown
3 linked
35 known in all1 ,2 ,4
Featured PAS 832758 15 mm · Riseholme hoard, 2017 T177 Photo: Adam Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council / The Portable Antiquities Scheme, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0 For members PAS 832758 13.9 mm · Riseholme hoard, 2017 T177 Photo: Adam Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council / The Portable Antiquities Scheme, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0 PAS 832758 14.2 mm · Riseholme hoard, 2017 T177 Photo: Adam Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council / The Portable Antiquities Scheme, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0 PAS 832758 13.9 mm · Riseholme hoard, 2017 T177 Photo: Adam Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council / The Portable Antiquities Scheme, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0 PAS 570010 East Riding of Yorkshire Photo: Ellie Cox / York Museums Trust / The Portable Antiquities Scheme, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 73.0112 1.07 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 90.0031 1.56 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 94.1561 1.22 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 95.0647 1.3 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 95.1116 1.01 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 · crop shared under the same licenceCCI 95.2702 1.02 g Photo: Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford) / PAS, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.0 · crop shared under the same licenceFree: the featured coin. Members: the other openly licensed photos.
See every photo full size, and which examples share a die Members
Linked examples Where these were found Recorded finds in our records: 3 in 3 counties (most in East Riding of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire), and 1 hoard.
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Finds by county Derbyshire1 East Riding of Yorkshire1 Lincolnshire1 Derbyshire Dales hoard, Derbyshire: 1 of this type Open in the Find map Members: every find, with its record
Find data: Portable Antiquities Scheme (CC BY 4.0), from the records cited on each coin page. Places: Wikidata (CC0). Map: © OpenStreetMap contributors, Protomaps .
References Catalogues and books ABC 1881 E. Cottam, P. de Jersey, C. Rudd and J. Sills, Ancient British Coins (Aylsham 2010), no. 1881 ('Vepo Star') E. Cottam, P. de Jersey, C. Rudd and J. Sills , Ancient British Coins (Aylsham 2010), no. 1881 ('Vepo Star') · link
VA 934 R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain (London 1989), no. 934 R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain (London 1989), no. 934
BMC 3305 R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996), no. 3305 R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996), no. 3305
Sources 1 IACB ABC 1881Iron Age Coins in Britain (IACB), University of Oxford: type ABC 1881 (Vepo; Corieltavi; silver unit; AD 20–50; obv. 'Wreath, extra leaves each side of centre forming circle, pellet within, crosses in four quarters'; rev. 'Horse right, double upper front legs, star below tail, VEP above (VE conjoined), CO[RF] below and in front (often blundered or off flan)') and its examples list (9 records; CSV read 4 Nov 2026) Iron Age Coins in Britain (IACB), University of Oxford: type ABC 1881 (Vepo; Corieltavi; silver unit; AD 20–50; obv. 'Wreath, extra leaves each side of centre forming circle, pellet within, crosses in four quarters'; rev. 'Horse right, double upper front legs, star below tail, VEP above (VE conjoined), CO[RF] below and in front (often blundered or off flan)') and its examples list (9 records; CSV read 4 Nov 2026) link
2 PAS 832758 (Riseholme hoard)Portable Antiquities Scheme record 832758 (LIN-EB6C54), Riseholme, Lincolnshire: hoard of 282 Corieltavian coins; '1881 VEP CORF (22 coins)' weighing 1.11–1.33 g and '?1881 VEP CORF (7 coins)'; photo of four ABC 1881 units, A. Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council, CC BY 2.0 (featured; Commons copy) Portable Antiquities Scheme record 832758 (LIN-EB6C54), Riseholme, Lincolnshire: hoard of 282 Corieltavian coins; '1881 VEP CORF (22 coins)' weighing 1.11–1.33 g and '?1881 VEP CORF (7 coins)'; photo of four ABC 1881 units, A. Daubney / Lincolnshire County Council, CC BY 2.0 (featured; Commons copy) link
3 PAS 570010Portable Antiquities Scheme record 570010, East Riding of Yorkshire: 'VEPO STAR type with V[EP] above and [CO]RF below (AD 15-40). ABC ... No 1881, VA ... No 934, BMC ... No 3305' (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) Portable Antiquities Scheme record 570010, East Riding of Yorkshire: 'VEPO STAR type with V[EP] above and [CO]RF below (AD 15-40). ABC ... No 1881, VA ... No 934, BMC ... No 3305' (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) link
4 PAS 555965 (Derbyshire Dales hoard)Portable Antiquities Scheme record 555965, Derbyshire: hoard found in the Derbyshire Dales in 2013, coins 16–19 ABC 1881 silver units, 1.29–1.35 g, 14.8–15.4 mm (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) Portable Antiquities Scheme record 555965, Derbyshire: hoard found in the Derbyshire Dales in 2013, coins 16–19 ABC 1881 silver units, 1.29–1.35 g, 14.8–15.4 mm (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) link
5 PAS 625311Portable Antiquities Scheme record 625311, North East Lincolnshire: fragment 'most likely from ABC no. 1881, which is described as "Very common" by Rudd et al. 2010; Van Arsdell no. 934' (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) Portable Antiquities Scheme record 625311, North East Lincolnshire: fragment 'most likely from ABC no. 1881, which is described as "Very common" by Rudd et al. 2010; Van Arsdell no. 934' (Commons copy, CC BY-SA 2.0) link
6 CCI cards on CommonsCeltic Coin Index cards 73.0112, 90.0031, 94.1561, 95.0647, 95.1116 and 95.2702 (listed by IACB under ABC 1881), copied into PAS and onto Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA) Celtic Coin Index cards 73.0112, 90.0031, 94.1561, 95.0647, 95.1116 and 95.2702 (listed by IACB under ABC 1881), copied into PAS and onto Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA) link
7 Wikipedia: CorieltauviWikipedia, 'Corieltauvi' (read 4 Nov 2026): a people of today's East Midlands, capital Ratae (Leicester), mint at Sleaford Wikipedia, 'Corieltauvi' (read 4 Nov 2026): a people of today's East Midlands, capital Ratae (Leicester), mint at Sleaford link
8 Evans 1864J. Evans, The Coins of the Ancient Britons (London 1864), pp. 410–413 (VEP CORF gold coins; legends of the district "inexplicable") J. Evans, The Coins of the Ancient Britons (London 1864), pp. 410–413 (VEP CORF gold coins; legends of the district "inexplicable") link
9 Wikipedia: Celtic coinageWikipedia, 'Celtic coinage' (read 4 Nov 2026): Celtic coins copied the Macedonian stater of Philip II Wikipedia, 'Celtic coinage' (read 4 Nov 2026): Celtic coins copied the Macedonian stater of Philip II link
10 Van Arsdell, CCB3 pl. 41R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain, 3rd (online) edition, plate 41 (IISVPRASV, no. 920): 'Star below horse's tail and crosses in the wreath link IISVPRASV and VEP CORF coinages' (as read for coin 54 on 28 Oct 2026) R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain, 3rd (online) edition, plate 41 (IISVPRASV, no. 920): 'Star below horse's tail and crosses in the wreath link IISVPRASV and VEP CORF coinages' (as read for coin 54 on 28 Oct 2026) link
11 ABC 1881E. Cottam, P. de Jersey, C. Rudd and J. Sills, Ancient British Coins (Aylsham 2010), no. 1881 (cited through IACB and PAS) E. Cottam, P. de Jersey, C. Rudd and J. Sills, Ancient British Coins (Aylsham 2010), no. 1881 (cited through IACB and PAS) link
12 VA 934R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain (London 1989), no. 934, cited by PAS 570010 and 625311 R. D. Van Arsdell, Celtic Coinage of Britain (London 1989), no. 934, cited by PAS 570010 and 625311
13 BMC 3305R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996), no. 3305, cited by PAS 570010 R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996), no. 3305, cited by PAS 570010
14 Hobbs 1996R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996): the British Museum's own coins, by catalogue number (BMC) R. Hobbs, British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum (London 1996): the British Museum's own coins, by catalogue number (BMC)
15 Wikipedia: BM Money and MedalsWikipedia, 'British Museum Department of Money and Medals' (read 29 Oct 2026): 'Items from the full collection can be seen by the general public in the Study Room by appointment.' Wikipedia, 'British Museum Department of Money and Medals' (read 29 Oct 2026): 'Items from the full collection can be seen by the general public in the Study Room by appointment.' link
Ruler Vepo · c. AD 20–50
Corieltavian issuer known only from coins inscribed VEP
Vepo is a name known only from coins of the Corieltavi of today's Lincolnshire and the East Midlands, struck in the decades before the Roman conquest. It appears as VEP or VEPO, usually with CORF, on gold staters and silver units like this one; nothing is known of the person behind it. VEP CORF units are about a quarter of the silver in the Riseholme hoard near Lincoln.1 ,2 ,7
Known for One of the commonest named issuers of the Corieltavi, in gold and silver.
People Corieltavi : A people of today's East Midlands (Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and neighbouring counties), with their later Roman capital at Leicester; their late coins name individuals or pairs of people.7 ,1
Read more: Iron Age Coins in Britain: ABC 1881 · Wikipedia: Corieltauvi · Vepo: all coins · Corieltavi: all coins
Value Members Other recorded sales, each with its source No sale of ABC 1881 found.
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